A quick relaxation exercise for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: explorative randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Comparison of psychological characteristics, pulmonary functions and other clinical data at baseline and after treatments of patients both in study group and control group (p < 0.05)^a

	Experimental group (EG; n = 19)			Control group (CG; n = 19)
Variables	Baseline	Post - treatment	Wilcoxon Test z, p	Baseline	Post - treatment	Wilcoxon Test z, p
Psychological states
STAI-Y1^b (Mean +/− SD)	33.68 (6.48)	26.05 (5.04)	z = − 3771 p = 0.000*	36.68 (10.26)	31.26 (7.43)	z = − 3010 p = 0.001*
PANAS^b (Mean +/− SD)
Positive	2926 (0.24)	3.17 (0.36)	z = − 2581 p = 0.005*	3.05 (0.46)	3.01 (0.38)	z = − 0.88 p = 0.465
Negative	1395 (0.48)	1.12 (0.26)	z = − 3127 p = 0.001*	1.45 (0.43)	1.12 (0.20)	z = − 3186 p = 0.000*
VAS^b (Mean +/-SD)	20.53 (5.07)	19.79 (3.76)	z = − 0.284 p = 0.388	20.68 (5.45)	17.68 (3.95)	z = − 2605 p = 0.004*
Psychological traits
STAI-Y2^b (Mean+/− SD)	36.63 (11.96)			39 (11.04)
Pulmonary functions and physiological data
FEV₁^b (Mean +/-SD)	1.35 (0.74)	1.39 (0.75)	z = − 0.735 p = 0.231	1.24 (0.51)	1.26 (0.47)	z = − 1702 p = 0.044*
FVC^b (Mean +/-SD)	2143 (0.94)	1.97 (0.93)	z = − 2378 p = 0.008*	2.27 (0.89)	2.38 (0.81)	z = − 2335 p = 0.010*
ROCC^b, kPa/l/s (Mean +/-SD)	0.34 (0.14)	0.40 (0.19)	z = − 1851 p = 0.032*	0.30 (0.12)	0.30 (0.15)	z = − 0.362 p = 0.358
vSpO₂^b (Mean +/-SD)	91.63 (3.18)	93.84 (2.73)	z = − 2672 p = 0.004*	95.58 (2.79)	94 (2.62)	z = − 1327 p = 0.092
HR^b (Mean+/-SD)	69.32 (8.80)	65.47 (7.87)	z = − 3576 p = 0.000*	73.95 (11.47)	73.05 (11.75)	z = − 1776 p = 0.038*

^aData are presented as Mean+/-Standard Deviation (SD) and number, percentage (n, %)
^bSTAI-Y1 State Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Form, PANAS Positive and Negative Affective Schedule-State Form, VAS Visual Analogue Scale, FSS-2 Short Flow State Scale 2, STAI-Y2 State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Form, FEV₁ Forced Expiratory Volume in the First Second, FVC Forced Vital Capacity, ROCC, kPa/l/s Measurement of airway resistance, SpO₂ Oxygen saturation, HR Heart Rate

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