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| |
Total
|
Study groups
|
p between groups
|
|---|
| |
Treated
|
Untreated
|
|---|
|
(n = 459)
|
(n = 248)
|
(n = 211)
|
|---|
|
Province of residence:
| | | |
0.553b
|
|
- Cremona
|
261 (56.9 %)
|
140 (56.5 %)
|
121 (57.2 %)
|
|
- Bergamo
|
91 (19.8 %)
|
48 (19.4 %)
|
43 (20.4 %)
|
|
- Milan
|
86 (18.7 %)
|
51 (20.6 %)
|
35 (16.6 %)
|
|
- Others
|
21 (4.6 %)
|
9 (3.6 %)
|
12 (5.7 %)
|
|
Gender:
| | | |
0.574c
|
|
- Male
|
221 (48.1 %)
|
116 (46.8 %)
|
105 (49.8 %)
|
|
- Female
|
238 (51.9 %)
|
132 (53.2 %)
|
106 (50.2 %)
|
|
Age classes:
| | | |
0.032b
|
|
- 1-2 years
|
29 (6.3 %)
|
19 (7.7 %)
|
10 (4.7 %)
|
|
- 3-5 years
|
74 (16.1 %)
|
48 (19.4 %)
|
26 (12.3 %)
|
|
- 6-17 years
|
90 (19.6 %)
|
54 (21.8 %)
|
36 (17.1 %)
|
|
- 18-64 years
|
201 (43.8 %)
|
96 (38.7 %)
|
105 (49.8 %)
|
|
- 65 or more years
|
65 (14.2 %)
|
31 (12.5 %)
|
34 (16.1 %)
|
|
Smoking habits:
| | | |
0.703b
|
|
- No smokers
|
282 (61.4 %)
|
155 (62.5 %)
|
127 (60.2 %)
|
|
- Passive smokers
|
42 (9.2 %)
|
25 (10.1 %)
|
17 (8.1 %)
|
|
- Former smokers
|
62 (13.5 %)
|
32 (12.9 %)
|
30 (14.2 %)
|
|
- Current smokers
|
73 (15.9 %)
|
36 (14.5 %)
|
37 (17.5 %)
|
|
No. of concomitant respiratory diseases:
| | | |
0.168d
|
|
- None
|
171 (37.3 %)
|
86 (34.7 %)
|
85 (40.3 %)
|
|
- 1 disease
|
184 (40.1 %)
|
101 (40.7 %)
|
83 (39.3 %)
|
|
- 2 diseases
|
104 (22.7 %)
|
61 (24.6 %)
|
43 (20.4 %)
|
|
Concomitant respiratory diseases:
| | | | |
|
- COPDa
|
63 (13.7 %)
|
33 (13.3 %)
|
30 (14.2 %)
|
0.787c
|
|
- Respiratory allergy
|
195 (42.5 %)
|
109 (44.0 %)
|
86 (40.8 %)
|
0.508c
|
|
- Asthma
|
105 (22.9 %)
|
55 (22.2 %)
|
50 (23.7 %)
|
0.739c
|
|
- Other respiratory diseases
|
29 (6.3 %)
|
26 (10.5 %)
|
3 (1.4 %)
|
<0.001c
|
-
a COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
-
b Pearson chi-square test
-
c Fisher’s exact test
-
d Linear-by-linear chi-square test
